Inside T1-3 NPC sufferers, the particular dose distributions pertaining to targets are not considerably various from the control plans and the test strategies. Nonetheless, for a lot of T4 individuals, the particular serving withdrawals for targets along with brainstem within the examination programs couldn’t meet up with specialized medical needs. A conclusion The shallow parotid lobe-sparing delineation strategy could significantly decrease the particular mean serving for the entire parotid also to the light parotid lobe throughout T1-3 NPC individuals, which could be expected for you to Birinapant lead to much less xerostomia and much better quality of life for anyone individuals.Inch”The saving along with interpretation regarding surface area electromyography (SEMG) beneath functional electric powered excitement (FES) can be a useful strategy for analytical, prognostic along with restorative purposes. Nevertheless, the actual stimulation alexander doll(SA) is a very troublesome form of disturbance. The selleck chemical cardstock created a software-based two-level maximum recognition way of SA removing. The results revealed simply by repeatedly altering the price of the maximum limit, the complete SA was eliminated while hope departing the particular uncontaminated SEMG outstanding.Inch”AimTo night out, nor the advantages of mycophenolic acid (MPA) restorative drug checking (TDM), the actual prodrug regarding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), neither the best checking approach have existed inside auto-immune diseases. This research has been performed to substantiate, inside a cohort of new people, your lcd MPA thresholds earlier posted see more in people together with wide spread lupus erythematosus (SLE) or even vasculitis. MethodsMPA locations beneath the concentration-time curves in between Zero along with 12h, 12h trough levels as well as pre-dose concentrations of mit (C-0) had been established with regard to 12 individuals using SLE along with 21 years old along with endemic vasculitis. The partnership in between patients’ pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters along with their scientific final results throughout follow-up had been assessed. ResultsIn the two autoimmune ailments, at PK examination, median MPA C-0 regarding sufferers together with out of control illness has been substantially lower than that regarding people with stable disease or even in remission, A single.6mg t(-1) (IQR 0.9-2.1mg l(-1)) compared to. Two.95mg t(-1) (IQR 1.38-3.73mg t(-1)) pertaining to SLE (G Equals 0.048) along with A single.55mg t(-1) (IQR 2.98-2.18mg t(-1)) compared to. 3mg m(-1) (IQR A couple of.2-4.4mg l(-1)) regarding vasculitis (G Equates to 2.016). As outlined by our own receiver running qualities necessities investigation, any C-0 threshold of two.5-3mg d(-1) ended up being best capable to differentiate any pazazz (SLE: 88% level of responsiveness, 80% specificity; vasculitis: 100% level of sensitivity, 90% nature). Individuals using C-0 Two.5-3mg d(-1) at add-on should scientific outcomes in the Twelve months right after PK evaluation. ConclusionProvided the advantage of TDM inside sufferers using autoimmune illnesses could possibly be established simply by randomized, controlled tests, it will be based on the C-0 assessed roughly 12h post-dose.Inch”An electrochemical disinfection technique employing a honeycombed platinum coated titanium electrode was developed to the disinfection regarding sea water.

g. 2ml world, FWHM: ECAM 14 mm, declipseSPECT Being unfaithful millimeters, Sat nav 12 millimeter, Gamma Locator A dozen millimeters). Underneath diminished distinction problems, the results for those systems had been reduced along with the 0.5 milliliter phantom field full of either Tc-99m or even F-18 only agreed to be detected precisely through the GammaLocator (FWHM range: 13-17 millimeter).\n\nConclusion Most programs are compatible with intraoperative sentinel node detection together with practically limitless signal-to-background distinction. With a reduced compare, your GammaLocator executed ideal for the actual diagnosis associated with small sizes in low-contrast ratios regardless of radionuclide. Nucl Scientif Commun 33:452-458 (D) This year Wolters Kluwer Wellbeing straight club Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”"Propensity ratings tend to be commonly implemented throughout observational investigation since they enable modification pertaining to high-dimensional confounders with no requiring models for association with the end result of great interest. The results associated with stats analyses according to stratification, coordinating or even inverse weighting with the predisposition rating are thus less prone to product extrapolation than others dependent solely upon end result regression models. This really is eye-catching since extrapolation in final result regression types could possibly be alarming, yet selleck hard to diagnose, if the open along with unexposed people have very different covariate distributions. Normal regression adjustment for the tendency rating forms an alternative choice to this predisposition rating techniques, nevertheless the advantages of this kind of tend to be significantly less clear as it still entails modelling the result in addition to the inclination rating. In this post, we all produce fresh insights in to the attributes with this modification method. We show that normal assessments from the zero speculation involving absolutely no publicity impact (according to strong variance estimators), as well as specific standard effects obtained from this kind of modified regression designs, are sturdy against misspecification in the result design when a inclination rating model will be appropriately specific; they’re thus not at risk of this problem regarding extrapolation. Many of us additionally propose effective estimators because of these consistent results, which maintain a helpful causal model even if your predisposition credit score style is misspecified, supplied the end result regression style can be correctly given. Copyright (Chemical) 2014 David Wiley & Daughters, Ltd.Inch”Quaternary ammonium salts, which includes alkyl sequence, alkanol, and also polymer-bonded types (trimoniums) are utilized within makeup generally since Natural Product Library surfactant-cleansing agents, hair-conditioning real estate agents, and also antistatic real estate agents. The particular Plastic Element Review Skilled Cell evaluated established track record human and animal info along with noted breaks inside the accessible safety info for some from the trimomiums. The free information about most of the trimoniums tend to be ample, nonetheless, and other structurel task connections, capabilities inside cosmetics GSI-IX molecular weight , as well as cosmetic item utilization recognized extending these information for the whole group.}

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is among the most analyzed Tsp ., becoming antiangiogenic and capable to trigger altering development factor-beta. The functions associated with TSP-2 as well as TSP-4 are generally related to maintain your arrangement of the matrix from the hypertrophied coronary heart, although there exists little or no understanding on heart failure TSP-3 along with TSP-5. TSP-1, TSP-2 and also TSP-4 have been shown affect cardiac remodelling Selonsertib mouse inside vivo, as an example, simply by modulating matrix metalloproteinase and reworking progress factor-beta exercise, collagen functionality, myofibroblast distinction, mobile death as well as stretch-mediated enlargement regarding heart contractility. Your harmful role regarding TSPs inside cardio pathophysiology has become plainly shown inside ko mouse button versions, as well as augmentation regarding TSP signalling within the center during anxiety as well as haemodynamic overburden could possibly be helpful. In summary, the function involving TSP-1, TSP-2 and also TSP-4 in heart failure hypertrophy, remodelling after myocardial infarction, heart failing, coronary artery disease and also aortic valve stenosis encourages additional analysis in order to authenticate them since probable medication focuses on.”"The growing cycle in the activity probable inside excitable tissue will be mediated by voltage-gated salt stations (VGSCs), ones you’ll find seven mammalian subtypes together with distinct cells submission and biophysical attributes. The particular involvement regarding selected VGSC subtypes in disease declares like soreness as well as epilepsy features the requirement for brokers that will regulate VGSCs within a subtype-specific way. Conotoxins coming from marine snails with the Conus genus make up an alternative source of such modulators, as these peptide poisons possess evolved to become picky for several tissue layer receptors, ion channels as well as transporters throughout excitable tissues. This particular evaluation insures the structure and performance regarding 3 instructional classes of conopeptides that ALK inhibitor clinical trial modulate VGSCs: the pore-blocking mu-conotoxins, the particular delta-conotoxins which in turn wait or perhaps slow down VGSC inactivation, along with the mu O-conotoxins which inhibit VGSC Na+ conductance independent of the tetrodotoxin binding web site. Some toxic compounds possess potential therapeutic as well as Selleck SNS-032 research applications, particularly the actual mu O-conotoxins, that might develop into prospective medicine leads to treat soreness states. (Chemical) 2007 Elsevier Limited. Most legal rights set-aside.”"We investigated the actual kinetics of human being mesenchymal stem tissue (MSCs) right after intravascular management directly into SCID mouse cremaster vasculature through intravital microscopy. MSCs had been inserted directly into abdominal aorta through still left femoral artery with two various concentrations of mit (One particular times Ten(6) or 0.Two a 10(Six) cellular). Arterial blood velocity reduce by 60 and 18% A single min right after high/low serving MSCs shot respectively. The particular bloodstream microcirculation was disrupted right after 174 +/- 71 as well as 485 +/- 81 azines. Intravital microscopy statement along with histopathologic evaluation involving cremaster muscle tissue mentioned MSCs had been entrapped inside capillaries in both groups. Forty as well as 25% wildlife perished regarding lung embolism correspondingly in both everywhere MSCs dosage groupings, which has been found through histopathologic analysis of the bronchi.}

1038/ki.This year.461; released on the internet A single December 2010″”The promising medical results of mesenchymal stromal/stem tissues (MSCs) rely specially upon paracrine and also nonimmunogenic systems. Shipping tracks are very important for your effectiveness of cell therapy as well as systemic supply by infusion will be the obvious target for many forms of MSC treatment. Lung bond of MSCs may well, nevertheless, be considered a major barrier however to overcome. Present information doesn’t let us make appear findings whether or not MSC lungs entrapment is harmful as well as beneficial, thereby we wanted to discover MSC bronchi adhesion in greater detail. All of us discovered an eye-catching difference in your lungs CT99021 molecular weight wholesale rate of systemically implanted MSCs produced by a pair of distinct clinical sources, particularly navicular bone marrow (BM-MSCs) as well as umbilical cable blood (UCB-MSCs). Your BM-MSCs along with UCB-MSCs utilized in this research differed inside cellular dimensions, however our outcomes in addition indicated other systems powering the particular bronchi compliance. A detailed analysis of the cellular surface area information unveiled variations in the actual appearance involving related bond substances. The UCB-MSCs acquired higher expression degrees of alpha Several integrin (CD49d, VLA-4), alpha Six integrin (CD49f, VLA-6), along with the hepatocyte development aspect receptor (c-Met) along with a larger basic fucosylation level. Amazingly, the level of CD49d along with CD49f term could be functionally associated with the particular lung wholesale rate. In addition, we had a prospective link between MSC respiratory adherence and higher fibronectin phrase and we demonstrate that your term involving fibronectin improves along with MSC lifestyle confluence. Potential studies ought to are designed for establishing strategies to transiently enhancing the particular cell area buildings in order to increase the supply of restorative cellular material. STEM Cellular material The year 2013;31st:317-326″”Aims: Coronary artery disease is typical along with myocardial infarction, stroke as well as side-line arterial occlusive illness are generally it’s damaging complications. Precise chance idea is immediately selleck inhibitor needed. Many of us applied molecular tests to improve earlier scientific identification of patients endangered by the potential span of complex productive atherosclerosis.\n\nMethods as well as final results: Individuals ended up males and females in search of proper care within a section involving standard inner remedies within an academic educating healthcare facility throughout Basel, Europe, involving Sept The year 2003 and Drive 2005. A maximum amount of 57 individuals which has a track record regarding verified cardio occasions and also 57 age- and also gender-matched patients without having heart events ended up decided on because of this cohort of 269 individuals. Among nine typical individual nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) apparently connected to cardiovascular disease was considerably related to aerobic events ACY-241 (s Equals 2.02). With regard to CETPrs708272, your allele range for every individual predisposing to cardiovascular occasions improved your discriminating energy clinical phenotypmg pertaining to active versus non-active atherosclerosis.}

Lupus (2009) 18, 1112-1118.”
“Various sizes of TiO2 hollow nanosphers were synthesized by a hydrolysis followed by the hydrothermal treatment using different water see more content and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) while the remaining components such as methylamine, ethanol and acetonitrile were kept as a constant. We synthesized the various sizes of spheres, 150, 250, 400, 450, and 600nm in diameter; those are represented as SP150, SP250, SP400, SP450, and SP600. The prepared spheres

diameters were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These spheres were coated by using a simple spray technique with the TiO2 colloidal solution as a scattering layer for the TiO2 photoelectrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. Optical absorption measurements did not find a difference in the dye adsorption amount with and without the scattering layer. The scattering effect was observed by incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements especially in the wavelength region of 550-700 nm. The current-voltage (I-V) measurements show that the scattering layer with 450nm spheres coated on the photoelectrode gave the improved photovoltaic performances compared to other diameters of the spheres. In the present study, the best energy conversion Mizoribine efficiency of 9.56% was obtained for the photoelectrode with the

scattering layer, while the pure photoelectrode without the layer gave 8.4%. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics”
“A fundamental problem in biology is to understand www.selleckchem.com/products/Romidepsin-FK228.html how genetic circuits implement core cellular functions. Time-lapse microscopy techniques are beginning to provide a direct view of circuit dynamics in individual living cells. Unexpectedly,

we are discovering that key transcription and regulatory factors pulse on and off repeatedly, and often stochastically, even when cells are maintained in constant conditions. This type of spontaneous dynamic behavior is pervasive, appearing in diverse cell types from microbes to mammalian cells. Here, we review recent work showing how pulsing is generated and controlled by underlying regulatory circuits and how it provides critical capabilities to cells in stress response, signaling, and development. A major theme is the ability of pulsing to enable time-based regulation analogous to strategies used in engineered systems. Thus, pulsatile dynamics is emerging as a central, and still largely unexplored, layer of temporal organization in the cell.”
“Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with over fifty percent of patients presenting at an advanced stage. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for normal cell growth and aberrant retinoic acid metabolism is implicated in tumourigenesis.

Low limits of detection (0.003-0.04 mu g/g) and quantification (0.005-0.05 mu g/g) were readily achieved with this method for all tested pesticides. A Pifithrin-α in vitroclick here “top down” empirical model was used to estimate the expanded uncertainty at 28% on average (coverage factor k=2, confidence level 95%). The MSPD method was successfully used on real bee samples to analyse four acaricides, 55 fungicides,

16 herbicides and 78 insecticides from various regions of Poland. A total of 33 honeybee samples from suspected pesticide poisoning incidents were analysed, in which 17 different pesticides were determined (14 insecticides and three fungicides). The pesticides most often found in honeybees were cypermethrin (in 51% of the samples, 0.008-0.563 mu g/bee), chlorpyrifos (27%, 0.001-51.5 mu g/bee) and biphentin (21%, 0.002-0.012 mu g/bee). 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“This article examines prostate cancer as a target for immunotherapy and investigates active immunotherapy for prostate cancer, combining conventional SYN-117 therapy with active immunotherapy,

immune modulators (brakes and accelerators), and monoclonal antibodies.”
“While it is widely acknowledged that bones adapt to the site-specific prevalent loading environment, reasonable ways to estimate skeletal loads are not necessarily available. For long bone shafts, muscles acting to bend the bone may provide a more appropriate surrogate of the loading than muscles expected to cause compressive loads. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was a better predictor of tibial mid-shaft bone strength than mid-tibia muscle CSA in middle aged and older men. 181 Caucasian men aged 50-79 years (mean +/- SD; 61 +/- 7 years) participated in this study. Mid-femoral and mid-tibial bone traits cortical area, density weighted polar moment of area and muscle CSA [cm(2)] were assessed with computed tomography. Tibial bone traits

were positively associated with both the mid-femur (r=0.44 to 0.46, P<0.001) and the mid-tibia muscle SNS-032 clinical trial CSA (r=0.35 to 0.37, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for age, weight, physical activity and femoral length, indicated that mid-femur muscle CSA predicted tibial mid-shaft bone strength indices better than mid-tibia muscle CSA. In conclusion, the association between a given skeletal site and functionally adjacent muscles may provide a meaningful probe of the site-specific effect of loading on bone.”
“The reactivity of halogenated ethers, especially hydrochloroethers, with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms was studied by correlating the room-temperature rate coefficients with both the C H bond dissociation energies and the vertical ionization potentials of the parent molecules. These molecular properties were estimated at the composite G3B3 level of theory.

Both procedures are usually performed percutaneously with considerable failure rates. A subpleural catheter placed in the space posterior to the parietal pleura and alongside the paravertebral area may provide superior postoperative pain relief.\n\nObjective To compare subpleural analgesia with thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy.\n\nDesign Randomised, double-blind

study.\n\nSetting A tertiary care University Medical Centre between 26 June 2008 and 21 March 2011. Patients Forty-two patients scheduled for elective posterolateral thoracotomy.\n\nPatients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status >= 4, with a previous history of thoracotomy, on chronic pain medications or with a contraindication to receiving local anaesthetics or thoracic epidural block were excluded from the study.\n\nInterventions CP-456773 in vivo A-1210477 supplier Patients were randomised to receive either subpleural analgesia or thoracic epidural analgesia for 24-h post-thoracotomy pain control.\n\nMain outcome measures A visual analogue scale was used to assess pain at rest and on coughing during the first 24 h postoperatively and the incidence of hypotension was recorded.\n\nResults Patients

who received subpleural analgesia had higher visual analogue scores at rest and on coughing than those who received thoracic epidural analgesia. Seven patients who started with subpleural analgesia were treated with thoracic epidural analgesia at a mean (SD) of 3.9 (4.8) h. The remaining 14 patients had a median (IQR [range]) visual analogue score of 5 cm (4-5 [3-6]) at rest and were maintained on subpleural analgesia until the end of the study. The visual analogue score at rest was < 7cm in all 21 patients who received

thoracic epidural analgesia and none was switched to subpleural analgesia during the study. None of the patients in the subpleural analgesia group experienced hypotension compared with five of the 21 patients in the thoracic epidural analgesia group (P = 0.047).\n\nConclusion Thoracic epidural analgesia is superior to subpleural analgesia in relieving Trichostatin A post-thoracotomy pain. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012; 29: 186-191″
“The conulariids, an enigmatic fossil group believed to be of cnidarian (scyphozoan) affinity, have four-sided, acutely pyramidal exoskeletons terminated in apertural closures. To date, three main closure types have been recognised in conulariids (plicated, triangular lappets, and lobate lappets) but the first type is poorly illustrated in the literature. Here we present the first photographic illustration of an unequivocal plicated closure in Metaconularia? anomala, based on study of the rich (1700+specimens) material from the Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin. This closure is formed by inwardly folded, triangular lappets centred on each of the four faces, with kite-shaped elements centred on the four corners forming a webbing between the lappets.

The electroreduction was used for the removal of nitrates, nitrites, and Cr(VI), while the removal of arsenic, heavy metals, suspended solids, color and turbidity required the application of the electrocoagulation with simultaneous ozonation. Organic contaminants Inhibitor Library cost and ammonia were

removed completely in the last treatment step by applying the simultaneous ozonation/UV treatment. All measured parameters in the purified water were significantly lower compared to the regulated values. Under the optimum treatment conditions, the removal efficiencies for color, turbidity, suspended solids, total arsenic, total chromium, Ni(II), total copper, sulfates, fluorides, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites were 100%. The removal efficiencies of the total manganese and iron were 85.19% and 97.44%, respectively, whilst the final concentrations were 4 and 7g/L, respectively.”
“Zebra finches are a highly social and monogamous avian

species. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor of social isolation (separation from the flock) in a novel environment with and without a conspecific present on the adrenocortical activity of paired and unpaired individuals of this species. With regard to paired birds, we hypothesized that the presence of the mate during isolation from the group would act as a social buffer against the stressful effects of isolation. We observed that 10 but not 30 minutes of social isolation resulted in elevated concentrations of corticosterone in unpaired and paired male zebra finches in comparison to baseline concentrations of corticosterone. Furthermore, the presence of a mate during isolation in a novel environment did not have a buffering effect against increases in corticosterone concentrations. Additionally, to compare concentrations of corticosterone in response to isolation (in a novel environment) to a previously well-established stressor, we subjected

groups of birds to restraint. We observed that 10 or 30 minutes of restraint led to significantly higher concentrations of AP24534 ic50 corticosterone as compared to baseline. Finally, to rule out the possibility that merely handling a bird would result in significantly elevated concentrations of corticosterone as compared to baseline samples, we measured corticosterone concentrations 10 or 30 minutes after handling involving capture and release only. Our results suggest that handling alone might have contributed to the elevation of corticosterone in birds exposed to 10 minutes but not 30 minutes of restraint. Handling by itself did not account, however, for the elevated corticosterone in birds socially isolated for 10 minutes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

However, knockdown of VEGF via small RNA interference had no significant influence on the cell proliferation induced by overexpression of IDH1(R132H), see more implying that another signaling pathway may be involved. Next, forced expression of IDH1(R132H) was

found to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), since the inhibitory I kappa B protein (I kappa B alpha) was highly phosphorylated and the NF-kappa B p65 subunit was translocated into the nucleus. Notably, knockdown of HIF1-alpha significantly blocked NF-kappa B activation, which was induced by the overexpression of IDH1 mutants. In addition, expression of IDH1 mutants markedly induced the NF-kappa B target gene expression, including cyclin D1 and E and PF-03084014 cost c-myc, which were involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the IDH1 mutant activated NF-kappa B in a HIF1-alpha-dependent manner and was involved in the regulation of cell proliferation.”
“Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular

diseases. Clinical evidence supports a link between hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular disorders. However, the precise molecular mechanisms causing endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients remain unclear. An interesting novel mediator could be chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII), which plays an essential role in glucose metabolism. COUP-TFII is known to be expressed in venous endothelial cells. In this study, we show COUP-TFII expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human coronary artery endothelial cells. HUVECs express glucose transporters 1, 3, 6, and 10, and the insulin receptor. Insulin in

combination with glucose activates protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) phosphorylation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase). Short-term (60-240 min) stimulation of HUVECs with high glucose increased COUP-TFII expression independent of insulin. Long-term (48 h) stimulation of HUVECs with high glucose augmented expression LY2606368 molecular weight of the insulin receptor and E-selectin, but downregulated COUP-TFII protein expression. Downregulation of COUP-TFII by shRNA leads to downregulation of E-selectin and upregulation of eNOS and glucose transporters. Our data suggest that COUP-TFII is regulated by glucose in a time- and dose-dependent manner in endothelial cells. COUP-TFII might affect endothelial function in a diabetic background.”
“Pheromones can be used as attractants for the opposite sex in many environments; however, little is known about the search strategies employed in responding to pheromones in the marine environment. The spawning behavior of males of the polychaete Nereis succinea is known to be triggered at close range by a high concentration (>similar to 10(-7) M) of pheromone, cysteine glutathione disulfide (CSSG), released by females.

The giant noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) constitutes fission-fusion societies whose members spread every day in multiple this website trees for shelter. To assess how the pattern of roosting use determines the potential for information exchange or disease spreading, we applied the framework of complex networks. We found a social and spatial segregation of the population in well-defined modules or compartments, formed by groups of bats sharing the same trees. Inside each module, we revealed an asymmetric use of trees by bats representative of a nested pattern. By applying a simple epidemiological model, we show that there is a strong correlation between network structure and

the rate and shape of infection dynamics. This modular structure slows down the spread of diseases and the exchange of information through the entire network. The implication for management is complex, affecting differently the cohesion GDC-0994 inside and among colonies and the transmission of parasites and diseases. Network analysis can hence be

applied to quantifying the conservation status of individual trees used by species depending on hollows for shelter.”
“Glass system with compositions xTiO(2).(60 – x)Bi2O3.40SiO(2) has been prepared by standard melt quench technique. The amorphous nature of the glass samples has been ascertained by the X-ray diffraction. It is observed that density and molar volume of the studied glasses decrease with increase in TiO2 content whereas the glass transition temperature shows the reverse trend; indicating the increase in RG-7112 mw compactness of the glass structure with increase in TiO2 content. The Raman and FTIR studies reveal that on addition of TiO2, some of SiO4 tetrahedra units with three non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) per silicon are converted into Slat tetrahedral units with four NBO per silicon and number of network forming BiO3 pyramidal units goes on decreasing and no BiO3 pyramidal units are observed in glass composition with x = 20. Bismuth plays the role of network modifier with BiO6 octahedral units for all the studied glass compositions.

TiO2 acts as network former with TiO4 tetrahedral units in all the glass compositions having titanium besides acting as network modifier TiO6 octahedral units in glass compositions with x = 10, 15 and 20. However, the glass composition with x = 15 has maximum number of TiO4 structural units among all the studied glass compositions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The liquidus projection of the U-rich corner of the B-Fe-U phase diagram is proposed based on X-ray powder diffraction measurements, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy observations complemented with energy- and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. Two ternary reactions in this U-rich region were observed and their approximate temperatures were established.